Click here to view corrections and additions to the First Printing.

Lens Design Fundamentals, Second Edition
by
Rudolf Kingslake and R. Barry Johnson

Hardbound, 576 pages, publication date: DEC-2009

ISBN-13: 978-0-12-374301-5

Click here to view Corrections and Additions to the First Printing (December 2009).

Second Printing (April 2010) incorporates the corrections and additions.

To order this book, see your favorite book dealer or click here (Academic Press) or click here (SPIE Press).

 

Description

* Thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the substantial changes in the field since its publication in 1978.

* Strong emphasis on how to effectively use software design packages, indispensable to today's lens designer.

* Many new lens design problems and examples – ranging from simple lenses to complex zoom lenses and mirror systems – give insight for both the newcomer and specialist in the field.

 

Rudolf Kingslake is regarded as the American father of lens design; his book, not revised since its publication in 1978, is viewed as a classic in the field. Naturally, the area has developed considerably since the book was published, the most obvious changes being the availability of powerful lens design software packages, theoretical advances, and new surface fabrication technologies.

This book provides the skills and knowledge to move into the exciting world of contemporary lens design and develop practical lenses needed for the great variety of 21st-century applications. Continuing to focus on fundamental methods and procedures of lens design, this revision by R. Barry Johnson of a classic modernizes symbology and nomenclature, improves conceptual clarity, broadens the study of aberrations, enhances discussion of multi-mirror systems, adds tilted and decentered systems with eccentric pupils, explores use of aberrations in the optimization process, enlarges field flattener concepts, expands discussion of image analysis, includes many new exemplary examples to illustrate concepts, and much more.

Optical engineers working in lens design will find this book an invaluable guide to lens design in traditional and emerging areas of application; it is also suited to advanced undergraduate or graduate course in lens design principles and as a self-learning tutorial and reference for the practitioner.

 

Rudolf Kingslake (1903-2003) was a founding faculty member of the Institute of Optics at The University of Rochester (1929) and remained teaching until 1983. Concurrently, in 1937 he became head of the lens design department at Eastman Kodak until his retirement in 1969. Dr. Kingslake published numerous papers, books, and was awarded many patents. He was a Fellow of SPIE and OSA, and an OSA President (1947-48). He was awarded the Progress Medal from SMPTE (1978), the Frederic Ives Medal (1973), and the Gold Medal of SPIE (1980).

R. Barry Johnson has been involved for over 40 years in lens design, optical systems design, and electro-optical systems engineering. He has been a faculty member at three academic institutions engaged in optics education and research, co-founder of the Center for Applied Optics at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, employed by a number of companies, and provided consulting services. Dr. Johnson is an SPIE Fellow and Life Member, OSA Fellow, and an SPIE President (1987). He published numerous papers and has been awarded many patents. Dr. Johnson was founder and Chairman of the SPIE Lens Design Working Group (1988-2002), is an active Program Committee member of the International Optical Design Conference, and perennial co-chair of the annual SPIE Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering Conference.

Audience

Optical engineers working in lens design in traditional areas such as telescopes and glasses but also in new areas – digital cameras, display systems, webcams; graduate students taking courses in lens design in an optics and optical engineering program.

Contents

Preface

1 The Work of the Lens Designer

1.1. Relations Between Designer and Factory

1.2. The Design Procedure

1.3. Optical Materials

1.4. Interpolation of Refractive Indices

1.5. Lens Types to be Considered

2 Meridional Ray Tracing

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Graphical Ray Tracing

2.3. Trigonometrical Ray Tracing at a Spherical Surface

2.4. Some Useful Relations

2.5. Cemented Doublet Objective

2.6. Ray Tracing at a Tilted Surface

2.7. Ray Tracing at an Aspheric Surface

3 Paraxial Rays and First-Order Optics

3.1. Tracing a Paraxial Ray

3.2. Magnification and the Lagrance Theorem

3.3. The Gaussian Optics of a Lens System

3.4. First-Order Layout of an Optical System

3.5. Thin-Lens Layout of Zoom Systems

4 Aberration Theory

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Symmetrical Optical Systems

4.3. Aberration Determination Using Ray Trace Data

4.4. Calculation of Seidel Aberration Coefficients

5 Chromatic Aberration

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Spherochromatism of a Cemented Doublet

5.3. Contribution of a Single Surface to the Primary Chromatic Aberration

5.4. Contribution of a Thin Element in a System to the Paraxial Chromatic Aberration

5.5. Paraxial Secondary Spectrum

5.6. Predesign of a Thin Three-Lens Apochromat

5.7. The Separated Thin-Lens Achromat (Dialyte)

5.8. Chromatic Aberration Tolerances

5.9. Chromatic Aberration at Finite Aperture

6 Spherical Aberration

6.1. Surface Contribution Formulas

6.2. Zonal Spherical Aberration

6.3. PRIMARY Spherical Aberration

6.4. The Image Displacement Caused by a Planoparallel Plate

6.5. Spherical Aberration Tolerances

7 Design of a Spherically Corrected Achromat

7.1. The Four-Ray Method

7.2. A Thin-Lens Predesign

7.3. Correction of Zonal Spherical Aberration

7.4. Design of an Apochromatic Objective

8 Oblique Beams

8.1. Passage of an Oblique Beam Through a Spherical Surface

8.2. Tracing Oblique Meridional Rays

8.3. Tracing a Skew Ray

8.4. Graphical Representation of Skew-Ray Aberrations

8.5. Ray Distribution From a Single Zone of a Lens

9 Coma and the Sine Condition

9.1. The Optical Sine Theorem

9.2. The Abbe Sine Condition

9.3. Offense Against The Sine Condition, OSC

9.4. Illustration of Comatic Error

10 Design of Aplanatic Objectives

10.1. Broken-Contact TYPE

10.2. Parallel Air-Space Type

10.3. An Aplanatic Cemented Doublet

10.4. A Triple Cemented Aplanat

10.5. Aplanat With a Buried Achromatizing Surface

10.6. The Matching Principle

11 The Oblique Aberrations

11.1. Astigmatism and the Coddington Equations

11.2. The Petzval Theorem

11.3. Distortion

11.4. Lateral Color

11.5. The Symmetrical Principle

11.6. Computation of the Seidel Aberrations

12 Lenses in Which Stop Position Is a Degree of Freedom

12.1. The H' - L Plot

12.2. Simple Landscape Lenses

12.3. A Periscopic Lens

12.4. Achromatic Landscape Lenses

12.5. Achromatic Double Lenses

13 Symmetrical Double Anastigmats with Fixed Stop

13.1. The Designs of a Dagor Lens

13.2. The Designs of an Air-Spaced Dialyte Lens

13.3. A Double Gauss Type Lens

13.4. Double Gauss Lens With Cemented Triplets

13.5. Double Gauss Lens With Airspaced Negative Doublets

14 Unsymmetrical Photographic Objectives

14.1. The Petzval Portrait Lens

14.2. The Design of a Telephoto Lens

14.3. Lenses to Change Magnification

14.4. The Protar Lens

14.5. Design of a Tessar Lens

14.6. The Cooke Triplet Lens

15 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems

15.1. Comparison of Mirrors and Lenses

15.2. Ray Tracing a Mirror System

15.3. Single-Mirror Systems

15.4. Single-Mirror Catadioptric Systems

15.5. Two-Mirror Systems

15.6. Multiple-Mirror Zoom Systems

15.7. Summary

16 Eyepiece Design

16.1. Design of a Military-Type Eyepiece

16.2. An Erfle Eyepiece

16.3. A Galilean Viewfinder

17 Automatic Lens Improvement Programs

17.1. Finding a Lens Design Solution

17.2. Optimization Principles

17.3. Weights and Balancing Aberrations

17.4. Control of Boundary Conditions

17.5. Tolerances

17.6. Program Limitations

17.7. Lens Design Computing Development

17.8. Programs and Books Useful for Automatic Lens Design

Index